What is tooth sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity is a painful reaction triggered by stimuli that normally do not cause discomfort. It is caused by the exposure of dentin and the opening of microscopic dentin tubules. Most often, pain occurs upon contact with cold, hot, sweet, or acidic foods and beverages, as well as during brushing. The areas most at risk are the surfaces near the necks of the teeth and the points where the enamel meets the dentin. This problem most commonly affects people aged 25–30, and statistics show that women are more likely to suffer from it.
Causes of tooth sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity can have many causes, including:
- Uncorrected malocclusions and periodontal disease
- Brushing too vigorously with a hard-bristled toothbrush, especially using horizontal strokes
- Using high-abrasion toothpastes and uncontrolled teeth whitening
- Nail biting, biting on hard objects (e.g., pen caps)
- Anatomical defects in soft tissues and the proximity of the dental nerve
- Acidic saliva caused by a diet rich in citrus fruits, carbonated beverages, or sauces
- Taking high doses of aspirin and uncoated vitamin C
- Microcracks in the enamel caused by low temperatures
- Gastrointestinal disorders involving reflux and vomiting, which damage the enamel
- Bruxism – nighttime teeth grinding and clenching
- Smoking and frequent contact with chlorinated water
In addition, tooth sensitivity may occur temporarily after dental procedures, but it can be effectively alleviated with appropriate treatments.
How to effectively prevent and treat tooth sensitivity?
Prevention and daily oral hygiene
- Brush your teeth at least twice a day with a soft-bristled toothbrush, using gentle circular motions from the gum line toward the crown of the tooth. Avoid applying too much pressure and using horizontal strokes.
- Choose toothpastes with a high fluoride concentration and low abrasiveness. The aminofluoride in the toothpaste helps close the dentin tubules, reducing sensitivity.
- Do not brush your teeth immediately after eating acidic foods—rinse your mouth with water first to avoid damaging weakened enamel.
- Use specialized mouthwashes designed for sensitive teeth.
- Regularly clean between your teeth with dental floss to prevent gum inflammation and exposed tooth necks.
Professional treatment methods
At the dentist’s office, treatments and procedures can be used that effectively reduce sensitivity:
- Preparations containing fluoride, calcium, strontium chloride, and iron, potassium, aluminum, and zinc oxalates
- Application of special varnishes and gels that seal the dentin tubules
- Treatments using glutaraldehyde and multi-component preparations
With proper prevention and treatment, tooth sensitivity doesn’t have to be a bothersome problem. By maintaining good oral hygiene and using modern dental methods, you can enjoy comfort and a healthy smile every day.